Galaxy Phase-Space Density Data Preclude That Bose–Einstein Condensate Be the Total Dark Matter
نویسندگان
چکیده
Light scalars (as the axion) with mass m ~ 10^{-22} eV forming a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) exhibit Jeans length in kpc scale and were therefore proposed as dark matter (DM) candidates. Our treatment here is generic, independent of particle physics model applies to all DM BEC, or out equilibrium. Two observed quantities crucially constrain an inescapable way: average density rho_{DM} phase-space Q. The values Q galaxies today both possibility form BEC m. These two constraints robustly exclude axion that decouples just after QCD phase transition. Moreover, value can only be obtained number ultrarelativistic degrees freedom at decoupling trillions which impossible for radiation dominated era. In addition, we find vacuum misalignment scenario axions are produced strongly thermal equilibrium such turns 17 orders magnitude too large reproduce galactic structures. also consider inhomogenous gravitationally bounded BEC's supported by bosonic quantum pressure independently any particular scenario. For typical size R compact object masses M 10^7 Msun they remarkably lead same free-streaming length. However, more than sixty smaller galaxy values. We conclude cannot particle. mili-eV may relevant source energy through zero point cosmological fluctuations.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Universe
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2218-1997']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/universe8080419